Tham khảo Đau_mãn_tính

  1. 1 2 Turk, D.C.; Okifuji, A. (2001). “Pain terms and taxonomies”. Trong Loeser, D.; Butler, S. H.; Chapman, J.J. và đồng nghiệp. Bonica's Management of Pain (ấn bản 3). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. tr. 18–25. ISBN 978-0-683-30462-6.  Gợi ý |số biên tập viên= (trợ giúp)
  2. ↑ Main, C.J.; Spanswick, C.C. (2001). Pain management: an interdisciplinary approach. Elsevier. tr. 93. ISBN 978-0-443-05683-3. 
  3. ↑ Thienhaus, O.; Cole, B.E. (2002). “Classification of pain”. Trong Weiner, R.S. Pain management: A practical guide for clinicians (ấn bản 6). American Academy of Pain Management. ISBN 978-0-8493-0926-7. 
  4. ↑ Harstall C, Ospina M. How Prevalent Is Chronic Pain? June 2003 volume XI issue2 Pain Clinical Updates, International Association for the Study of Pain. pages=1–4
  5. ↑ Tauben D (2015). “Nonopioid medications for pain”. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 26 (2): 219–48. PMID 25952062. doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2015.01.005. 
  6. ↑ Welsch P, Sommer C, Schiltenwolf M, Häuser W (2015). “[Opioids in chronic noncancer pain-are opioids superior to nonopioid analgesics? A systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy, tolerability and safety in randomized head-to-head comparisons of opioids versus nonopioid analgesics of at least four week's duration]”. Schmerz (bằng tiếng Đức) 29 (1): 85–95. PMID 25376546. doi:10.1007/s00482-014-1436-0.  Bảo trì CS1: Ngôn ngữ không rõ (link)
  7. ↑ Reuben, DB; H Alvanzo, AA; Ashikaga, T; Bogat, GA; Callahan, CM; Ruffing, V; Steffens, DC (ngày 13 tháng 1 năm 2015). “National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop: The Role of Opioids in the Treatment of Chronic Pain”. Annals of Internal Medicine 162 (4): 295–300. PMID 25581341. doi:10.7326/M14-2775. 
  8. ↑ Chou R, Turner JA, Devine EB, Hansen RN, Sullivan SD, Blazina I, Dana T, Bougatsos C, Deyo RA (2015). “The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop”. Ann. Intern. Med. 162 (4): 276–86. PMID 25581257. doi:10.7326/M14-2559. 
  9. ↑ Busse, JW; Craigie, S; Juurlink, DN; Buckley, DN; Wang, L; Couban, RJ; Agoritsas, T; Akl, EA; Carrasco-Labra, A; Cooper, L; Cull, C; da Costa, BR; Frank, JW; Grant, G; Iorio, A; Persaud, N; Stern, S; Tugwell, P; Vandvik, PO; Guyatt, GH (ngày 8 tháng 5 năm 2017). “Guideline for opioid therapy and chronic noncancer pain”. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal 189 (18): E659–E666. PMC 5422149. PMID 28483845. doi:10.1503/cmaj.170363.